Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception. Heavy metals in aquatic plants and sediments from water systems in macedonia, greece. These methods are efficient, ecofriendly and economic. Hyperaccumulation plants are an appealing and economical alternative to current methods of soil recovery. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. Plant adaptation and phytoremediation springerlink. Phytoremediation, which makes use of vegetation to remove, detoxify, or stabilize persistent pollutants, is a green. A b s t r a c t continued industrialization, agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic activities lead to heavy metals contamination. Heavy metals have severe toxic effects on plants, animals, and human health, and therefore their remediation. Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. This can be achieved by developing the association of hyperaccumulator plants with heavy metal resistant bacteria figure 1. In recent years, knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation began to emerge together with biological and engineering strategies designed to optimize and improve phytoremediation. Our article we highlighted the various phytoremediation techniques to be applied for the soils remediation by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution.
We would like to remind the reader that studies on heavy metal pollution are focused on as, cd, cr, hg and pb as they are toxic, nonessential heavy metals, and on cu, ni and zn which, although. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. By 1991, there were approximately 23,400 pesticide products registered with the u. Investigating the heavy metals removal capacity of some native plant. May 30, 2019 titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Vimal chandra pandey, omesh bajpai, in phytomanagement of polluted sites, 2019. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant. Reduction in concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate depends upon the duration of exposure to l. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metalsenhanced by edta. The concentration of life threatening heavy metals such as lead pb, as, mercury. Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem.
Hg and zinc zn has been found to be increasing in water, soil and air in. The remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals is a costintensive and technically complex procedure 25. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. Phytoremediation is a new area undergoing extensive scientific research and development.
Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and. The accumulation of these pollutants is due to intensive anthropogenic activity. May 01, 2020 international journal of phytoremediation. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more established treatment methods used. Heavy metals are a noxious form of pollutants present in soil and water. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. Six different metals as, cu, pb, ni, cd, and zn were used for the study. Jatropha has the ability to facilitate sequestration, uptake, translocation, and detoxification of pollutants. Potential of lemna polyrrhiza for removal of heavy metals. Heavy metals can create stressful conditions to the plants and their growth becomes limited or impossible and this can influence the phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant growth promoting pgp bacteria.
Phytoremediation has been studied extensively in research and smallscale demonstrations, but fullscale applications are currently limited in number. Advantages the cost of the phytoremediation is lower than that of traditional processes both in situ and ex situ the plants can be easily monitored the possibility of the recovery and reuse of valuable metals by companies specializing in phyto mining it is potentially the least harmful method because it uses naturally. In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. The use of water plants in biomonitoring and phytoremediation. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal. Phytoremediation is based upon several processes such as phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation and phytoextraction. Us5927005a phytoremediation of heavy metals with creosote. The text moves on to focus on the efficacy of different plant species in removing toxic pollutants from the environment. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. The native flora displayed its ability to withstand high concentrations of heavy metals metalloids in the soil. Particular attention is paid to the two largest challenges to remediation heavy metals, and the salt stress that is impeding agricultural productivity worldwide. Pdf phytoremediation download full pdf book download.
Results on removal of heavy metals zn, pb, fe, cu, and ni through phytoremediation of landfill leachate by lemna minor at different time periods of exposure are shown in figures 15. Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. The bioremediation and phytoremediation of pesticide. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Accumulation of heavy metals in typha angustifolia l. Rhizofiltration, the absorption, concentration, and precipitation of heavy metals by plant roots.
Phytoremediation for heavy metal removal plants, so called hyperaccumulators are usually used, they take up 100 times the concentration of metals over other plants. Mechanisms of stress avoidance and tolerance by plants used in phytoremediation of heavy metals 105 phytoremediation is a method, which has great potential for application. Various types of plants are used to remediate these contaminants from soils that are mostly known as hyper. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated water and. The plant protein binds heavy metals and removes them so that plant toxicity does not occur. The current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time consuming and environmentally destructive. In particular, these methods rely on phytoremediation using the plants of the species larrea tridentata, the creosote bush. The focus of researchers on the phytoremediation of toxic metals in the environment has been considered an area of major scientific and technological progress and is a subject of contemporary relevance. This text details the plantassisted remediation method, phytoremediation, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants.
Plants,used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. City atlas youarethecity, in new york, is experimenting with indian mustard, mugwort, basket willow and sunflowers to remediate a contaminated garden. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metalcontaminated sites. In recent years, scientists and engineers have started to generate cost effective technologies that include use. The accumulation and the effect of heavy metals on the water fern azolla.
Significant accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in both soils and native wild flora suggests that metal contamination is a matter of great concern in the studied mining areas. Several classification schemes were found relating to the types of phytoremediation, the most common of which is presented below. The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. The phytoremediation efficiency can be improved by increasing the heavy metal mobilization or solubility in the soil and increasing plant biomass by promoting plant growth zhuang et al. Conditioning of heavy metal polluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l. Phytoremediation offers an opportunity to increase the financial possibility of phytoremediation programs, and to reduce disposal risks through the utilization of metal enriched plant biomass in energy and metal recovery with the burnt process. It is best applied at sites with shallow contamination of organic, nutrient or metal pollutants that are amenable to one of the five applications. Author links open overlay panel abid ullah a sun heng a muhammad farooq hussain munis b shah fahad c xiyan yang a. Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy. In phytoremediation of metals in the environment, organic acids play a major role in metal tolerance.
Several contamination sources contaminated large areas over the world, i. Removal of metals by phytoremediation free download as powerpoint presentation. Introduction soil is the fundamental foundation of our agricultural resources, food security, global economy and environmental quality 1. Role of phytoremediation in reducing cadmium toxicity in. The plant samples were washed in deionized water dried 24 hrs at 80c immediately to stabilize the tissue. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. Investigating the heavy metals removal capacity of some native plant species from the wetland groundwater of.
Heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa l. Solid waste and emergency response 5102g, epa 542r05002, 2005. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent using constructed wetland technology.
The results are promising with some metals down 50% in a year. Abstract phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. With the development of urbanization and industrialization, soils have become increasingly polluted by heavy metals and organic pollutants, which threaten. Pdf the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soil water are expensive, time consuming. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Fulekar environmental biotechnology laboratory, department of life sciences, university of mumbai, santacruz e, mumbai 400 098, india. Titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. Phytoremediation for heavy metal free download as powerpoint presentation. To test switchgrass panicum virgatum as a potential crop for phytoremediation of heavy metal from soil, we investigated whether the addition of organic. Heavy metal, soils, contamination, phytoremediation 1.
Accepted 19 december, 2008 the current remediation technique of heavy metal from contaminated soilwater are expensive, time. Phytoextraction, the extraction and accumulation of contaminants in harvestable plant. Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. The aim of this study is to characterize the heavy metal phytoremediation potential of miscanthus sp. The methods are particularly directed at the decontamination of soil containing lead, copper, nickel and cadmium. Phytoremediation employs different plant species able to accumulate or degrade different contaminants and, the biomass. The widespread accumulation of heavy metals in soils is becoming a serious problem, as a consequence of industrial activity worldwide. Introduction heavy metals are the major environmental contaminants and pose a severe threat to human and animal health by their longterm persistence in the environment 1. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot degrade, andtherefore effective cleanup requires their immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play. For heavy metal phytoremediation and phytoextraction in pa rticular, bioavailability of metals in contaminated soils, is a crucial factor regulating heavy metal uptake by plant roots 5052.
The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy metals in the. However, metal phytoavailability is a complex phenomenon that is dependent on a cascade of related factors 53. Phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. The sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1.
Phytoremediation for heavy metal environmental issues. An increase in the concentrations of heavy metals in the environment from year. This shows the ability of the hemp plant to tolerate heavy metals, perhaps due to the presence of stress tolerance genes. Contamination of the environment by heavy metals has increased sharply at the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of industrial revolution and excessive population growth, posing major environmental and human health problems worldwide abdelhafez and li, 2014. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for cleaning up contaminated sites, which is cost effective, and has aesthetic advantages and long term applicability. Another potential problem associated with phytoremediation is bioamplification of heavy metals in food chain and their atmospheric volatilization from leaf structures in the form of more volatile and toxic entity e. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.
Soils are extensively contaminated with different type of heavy metals worldwide causing a severe disturbance to living biota of the world. During the mid1940s the production and use of synthetic organic pesticides rapidly increased. Phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant growth. Jun 29, 2015 phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. So, in our study we tried to enhance the phytoremediation capacity of eichhornia crassipes to treat heavy metals by using electric current. Wastewater treatability potential of some aquatic macrophytes. Utility of jatropha for phytoremediation of heavy metals and. We investigated the effects of organic amendments thermophilic compost, vermicompost, and coconut coir on the bioavailability of trace heavy metals of zn, cd, pb, co, and ni from heavy metal spiked soils under laboratory conditions.
Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metal contaminated sites. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated and polluted soils. Methods are described for the decontamination of soil containing heavy metals. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and leaves. Effect of chelating agents in phytoremediation of heavy metals. A new plantbased solar energy driven technology, phytoremediation, emerges as ecofriendly and costeffective approach to remove heavy metal from various media with the help of hyperaccumulating plant species. Heavy metal remediation with ficus microcarpa field scale experiment phytoremediation of efficiency of metal by ficus microcarpa was evaluated through a real scale experiment. The simultaneous accumulation of lead, arsenic, copper, and cadmium in plants after application of chelating agents to soil is a promising technology enhancement for phytoremediation. Goedaeuksae 1, a hybrid, perennial, bioenergy crop developed in south korea. This book details the plantassisted remediation method, phytoremediation, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals core. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from soils springerlink. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated.
The hybrid grass effectively absorbed all the metals from contaminated soil. One promising strategy is phytoremediation, the use of plants to uptake heavy metals. Download now phytoremediation is an exciting, new technology that utilizes metalaccumulating plants to rid soil of heavy metal and radionuclides. The work on heavy metal phytoremediation has been started xia and chen 1997, jiang et al. Several species of plants, including radish and mustard, were genetically engineered to express a protein called metallothionein. Dec 24, 2007 heavy metals that have been identified in the polluted environment include as, cu, cd, pb, cr, ni, hg and zn. Pdf the role of algae in phytoremediation of heavy. This report was prepared by an undergraduate student from salisbury state. To use plants for heavy metal cleaning, the accumu lation of heavy metals in plants and the role of plants in removing pollutants should be made clear. An overview of the phytoremediation of lead and mercury cluin. Phytoremediation of pb and cd contaminated soils by using. Phytoremediation of cadmium from polluted soil omics international.
325 704 335 1036 677 51 701 1005 1434 626 68 662 295 986 433 1168 778 431 78 449 160 694 341 1321 769 1478 1155 823 204 307 442 719 301 10 1409 187 273 264 698 321 598 817 947 412 351 1422